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Headlines from the outlets of the region and the specialist cyber press, newest first, one row per story. Headlines in other languages are machine-translated into English; the mark after them gives the language, and the original is underneath. The last 30 days unless you set dates. How translation and stories work · Which outlets, by country

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Showing articles that mention North Korea. Clear

361–400 of 587 stories (762 articles)

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Oct 26 08:34	NK News North Korea	US court orders North Korea to pay $400M over 1968 seizure of USS Pueblo A U.S. court has ordered North Korea to pay $400 million to compensate the crew of the USS Pueblo, a warship Pyongyang seized in 1968, bringing the total amount of damages related … military KP
Oct 26 06:02	The Korea Herald South Korea	New 'Call of Duty' turns virtual Korean War into real political battle A fictional North Korean invasion of Seoul is becoming the fodder for a real political battle in South Korea, with the latest installment of the blockbuster "Call of Duty" franchise drawing politicians … KP KR
Oct 26 06:02	Korea Times South Korea	Lee's approval rating falls to 35.3% after rebound: poll President Lee Jae Myung's approval rating fell to 35.3 percent after rebounding the previous week, a poll showed Monday. In the poll conducted on 2,517 adults nationwide from last Monday to Friday … political KP
Oct 26 06:00	Channel News Asia state media Singapore	North Korea-South Korea tensions high as letters lodged with UN, howitzer spotted KP KR Same story: 1 more article · 2 outlets Tensions high as North Korea howitzer spotted near South Korean border The Japan Times (JP) · Oct 26 03:23
Oct 26 05:40	The Korea Herald South Korea	Kim Jong-un shows readiness for international stage with China trip: lawmaker North Korean leader Kim Jong-un's recent China trip signals confidence and a readiness to break his silence on the diplomatic stage, a Democratic Party lawmaker said Monday. Kim's trip, made Saturday by … political CN KP Same story: 2 more articles Kim Jong-un's surprise trip to China The Korea Herald (KR) · Oct 25 04:45 Kim Jong-un makes surprise visit to China via new Yalu River bridge The Korea Herald (KR) · Oct 24 07:04
Oct 26 01:48	The Korea Herald South Korea	N. Korean officials pay tribute to fallen Chinese soldiers at Friendship Tower North Korean officials have paid tribute at the Friendship Tower in Pyongyang in honor of fallen Chinese soldiers, state media reported Monday, after leader Kim Jong-un's surprise day trip to China's Dandong … military CN KP Same story: 1 more article · 2 outlets N. Korean officials pay tribute to fallen Chinese soldiers at Friendship Tower Yonhap (KR) · Oct 26 01:39
Oct 26 00:59	South China Morning Post China	Why North Korean leader Kim Jong-un toured a Chinese bus factory in Dandong North Korean leader Kim Jong-un’s tour of a commercial vehicle factory during a surprise visit to the Chinese border city of Dandong on Saturday points to Pyongyang’s drive to modernise its buses … KP CN Same story: 3 more articles · 2 outlets Kim Jong Un says North Korea ‘inspired’ by China’s success in border city visit NK News (KP) · Oct 25 00:27 North Korean leader Kim Jong-un visits Chinese border city of Dandong South China Morning Post (CN) · Oct 24 11:08 North Korea’s Kim Jong Un visits Chinese border city of Dandong: Xinhua NK News (KP) · Oct 24 06:26
Oct 26 00:51	South China Morning Post China	North Korea tells UN South ‘fabricated’ border landmine blast North Korea sent a letter to the United Nations Security Council accusing Seoul of fabricating a landmine explosion that injured three South Korean soldiers, its state media reported Monday. Tensions between the … diplomacy KP KR
Oct 26 00:50	Daily NK South Korea	North Korea uses DMZ landmine blast to step up student military drills North Korean authorities are using last month’s DMZ landmine explosion to justify tougher military drills for high school students. In anti-South Korea lectures, officials are telling students that Seoul fabricated the September … diplomacy intelligence military technology KP KR
Oct 25 23:52	The Korea Herald South Korea	N. Korea sends letter to UNSC calling DMZ mine blast S. Korean fabrication North Korea has sent a letter to the president of the UN Security Council calling last month's land mine blast near the border an incident "fabricated" by South Korea, Pyongyang's state media … diplomacy KP KR Same story: 1 more article · 2 outlets N. Korea sends letter to UNSC calling DMZ mine blast S. Korean fabrication Yonhap (KR) · Oct 25 23:19
Oct 25 22:06	Yonhap South Korea	(EDITORIAL from Korea Times on Oct. 26) North Korean leader Kim Jong-un's surprise visit to China is a reminder that the... CN KP
Oct 25 21:18	Japan Today Japan	'Call of Duty' North Korea invasion edition tops sales charts in South The latest instalment of the "Call of Duty" video game franchise, featuring a full-scale North Korean invasion of South Korea, has topped sales charts in the would-be target,… KP KR Same story: 1 more article · 2 outlets ‘Call of Duty’ North Korea invasion edition tops sales Taipei Times (TW) · Oct 25 18:02
Oct 25 20:30	The Korea Herald South Korea	[Ruth Pollard] The world courts Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un might be the world’s most in-demand leader. US President Donald Trump wants to meet him during a visit to Asia next month. So, too, do South Korean President Lee Jae … CN JP KP KR
Oct 25 11:57	Korea Times South Korea	North Korea's evolving threat goes beyond missiles as Russia ties deepen North Korea’s military cooperation with Russia is giving Pyongyang more than new weapons. From electronic warfare equipment to battlefield lessons learned in Ukraine, the partnership could change how North Korean forces fight, … maritime military KP
Oct 25 10:30	Yonhap South Korea	(3rd LD) N.K. leader vows to advance ties with China during surprise Dandong visit SEOUL, Oct. 25 (Yonhap) -- North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has visited China and... CN KP Same story: 2 more articles (2nd LD) N.K. leader vows to advance ties with China during surprise Dandong visit Yonhap (KR) · Oct 25 05:03 (LEAD) N.K. leader vows to advance ties with China during surprise Dandong visit Yonhap (KR) · Oct 25 00:11
Oct 25 10:12	New Talk Taiwan	North Korea invades, paratroopers land! New game 'Call of Duty' sells well; South Korean players play until they cry ZH北韓入侵、傘兵空降！電玩《決勝時刻》新作熱賣　南韓玩家玩到哭 Newtalk新聞知名電玩《決勝時刻：現代戰爭 4》23 日上市，劇情以北韓突襲南韓為開端，正值朝鮮半島局勢緊張之際，卻迅速登上 Steam 全球及南韓銷售榜首。法新社報導，遊戲在南韓引發高度關注，玩家反應不一。法新社指出，遊戲故事設定在美國與俄羅斯兩大強權關係緊繃的背景下，並加入北韓軍隊入侵南韓的劇情。遊戲開場描述北韓部隊派遣傘兵、利用地下隧道滲透，讓美韓部隊措手不及；故事則透過多條支線推進，包括美韓年輕士兵組成的求生小隊、尋求復仇的退役軍人，以及圍繞北韓新領導人展開的權力鬥爭，玩家甚至能扮演該名領導人。遊戲上市之際，朝鮮半島現實局勢也受到關注。23 日，戒備森嚴的非軍事區（DMZ）發生爆炸，造成 3 名南韓士兵受傷，進一步加劇兩韓緊張關係。由於 1950 年至 1953 年的韓戰最終以停戰協定收場，而非簽署和平條約，南韓與北韓在法律上仍處於戰爭狀態。美國目前則在南韓駐紮約 2 萬 8000 名兵力，以協助嚇阻擁有核武的北韓。這樣的背景也使遊戲在南韓受到廣泛討論。南韓規定，身體健全男性均須服兵役，依軍種不同，服役時間介於 18 至 21 個月。部分玩家在社群媒體以帶有「消滅共產主義」意涵的韓文口號作為標籤，也有人表示為了遊玩而考慮升級電腦或購買新主機。 Threads 上有網友表示，遊玩過程讓自己「哭到幾乎快脫水」，並聯想到曾參與韓戰的祖父；另一名網友則認為遊戲令人「不寒而慄」，因為其中情境讓人想到朝鮮半島可能爆發的衝突。不過，遊戲也引發批評，有人質疑作品是否將南北韓長期累積的歷史矛盾轉化為商業娛樂。《韓民族日報》報導，南韓金大中和平中心理事長金聖在上月撰文指出，遊戲引發一項值得思考的問題，即韓戰悲劇及當前南北韓對立是否適合被包裝成供人消費的娛樂體驗。延伸閱讀：網上瘋傳金正恩腦出血慘死！北韓連兩天大範圍斷網引發聯想南韓：假消息美日「利劍」軍演登場！中俄軍機連4天現蹤日本周邊日戰機急升空不明三角物體無聲懸停垂直爬升！美軍觀察員目擊神祕飛行物飆破 2900 公里破除腦溢血死亡謠言！金正恩無預警造訪中國丹東「敦促北京加速兌現承諾」伊朗強硬派要求製造核武拒絕與美談判 KP KR
Oct 25 06:23	The Korea Herald South Korea	In Dandong, Kim Jong-un invokes wartime past, eyes economic future North Korean leader Kim Jong-un's whirlwind one-day visit to China's border city of Dandong on Saturday brought together two defining features of Pyongyang's relationship with Beijing: A longstanding alliance rooted in the … CN KP
Oct 25 00:58	New Talk Taiwan	Debunking rumors of death by brain hemorrhage! Kim Jong-un makes an unannounced visit to Dandong, China, 'urging Beijing to accelerate the fulfillment of promises' ZH破除腦溢血死亡謠言！金正恩無預警造訪中國丹東「敦促北京加速兌現承諾」 Newtalk新聞北韓領導人金正恩24日無預警訪問中國，當天返國。中國證實金正恩造訪中國遼寧省丹東市，這是他第6次訪中，上次訪中是13個月前，這次訪問的目的尚未明朗。學者認為，金正恩此次或許是為了「敦促中方加速履行」今年中國國家主席習近平訪問北韓期間達成的多項承諾。根據新華社、中新社、韓聯社報導，金正恩是經由10月15日才剛啟用的新鴨綠江大橋抵達與北韓接壤的中國東北部遼寧省丹東市，當地的的飯店預定已全被取消，周邊也實施嚴格交管。中共中央政治局常委、全國政協主席王滬寧在「抗美援朝」紀念館廣場迎接，並陪同金正恩向抗美援朝紀念塔獻花籃。金正恩參觀了「抗美援朝」紀念館，並向紀念館贈送了附有親筆題詞的歷史照片。王滬寧表示，金正恩在中國「抗美援朝」76週年之際專程到訪丹東，展現了中國與北韓用鮮血凝成友誼的珍視，也為兩國互信合作帶來重要意義。行程結束時，王滬寧在鴨綠江大橋為金正恩送行。金正恩請王滬寧轉達對習近平的問候並提到，這次專程來到丹東，緬懷在重要歷史關頭以生命和鮮血支援北韓的中國人民志願軍烈士，表達北韓對抗美援朝英雄們的由衷感謝和永恆敬意。習近平今年6月對北韓的歷史性訪問，反映了對兩國關係的高度重視，成為兩國關係發展的里程碑。金正恩今年是《朝中友好合作互助條約》簽訂65周年，感謝長期以來中國對北韓社會主義事業的支持與幫助，雙方合作前景十分廣闊。北韓欽佩在習近平領導下，中國人民取得舉世矚目發展成就、贏得應有重要國際地位，願與中國傳承歷史友誼、拓展務實合作，為兩國人民帶來實實在在福祉。近來有關金正恩喪生的傳言甚囂塵上，傳出金正恩因嚴重腦出血「重病死亡」，隨後朝鮮官方網站接連兩天遭遇大範圍斷網，引發關注。南韓國家情報院（國情院）23日在國會情報委員會接受質詢時針對金正恩「死訊」闢謠，澄清「金正恩身亡」純屬假消息。法新社報導指出，金正恩此次訪中的具體目標與成果仍不明朗。不過，中國是北韓最大的貿易夥伴，且是平壤在外交、經濟與政治層面的重要支柱。南韓國會議員尹建永表示，據信金正恩今天在中國會晤中國國務院總理李強。新華社的新聞稿並未提及金正恩與習近平或李強的會談內容。首爾北韓大學院大學（University of North Korean Studies）前校長梁茂進（Yang Moo-jin）向法新社分析，金正恩可能藉此「敦促中國，要對方加快實現今年習近平訪北韓時雙方達成的承諾。」梁茂進說：「他（金正恩）也或許在與（美國總統）川普（Donald Trump）於中國深圳舉行可能的峰會前，希望爭取北京的積極支持與合作。」延伸閱讀：第四次川金會何時登場？美韓官員曝：今年成行機率很低金正恩驚傳死訊！北韓40官網突癱瘓官媒急曬照｢如果習近平是蔣萬安承受得起台灣民主？｣李忠憲：政府不該害怕人民說話網上瘋傳金正恩腦出血慘死！北韓連兩天大範圍斷網引發聯想南韓：假消息外媒高唱轟-20「難產論」! 專家：已克服3大工程難題隨時走向「終點」 CN KP
Oct 25 00:20	The Korea Herald South Korea	Kim Jong-un returns from China after war memorial visit, state media says North Korean leader Kim Jong-un returned to his country by road ‌on Sunday after visiting a historic Korean War memorial in the Chinese border city of Dandong, North Korean state media reported. … CN KP
Oct 24 22:14	Yonhap South Korea	N. Korea reports leader Kim's surprise visit to China SEOUL, Oct. 25 (Yonhap) -- North Korea on Sunday confirmed leader Kim Jong-un's ... CN KP
Oct 24 19:48	Channel News Asia state media Singapore	North Korea's Kim returns home after visit to Chinese border city The aims and outcomes of Kim's visit were murky, but China is North Korea's largest trading partner and a vital source of diplomatic, economic and political support for Pyongyang. CN KP
Oct 24 18:02	Taipei Times Taiwan	North Korea’s Kim returns home after visit to Chinese border city CN KP
Oct 24 15:44	Financial Times China China	Kim reaffirms ties with China amid worries over Russian friendship Beijing is concerned that Pyongyang and Moscow are forging a stronger relationship, say analysts KP CN
Oct 24 12:26	Yonhap South Korea	(5th LD) N. Korean leader Kim Jong-un visits China, meets senior official amid ties push SEOUL, Oct. 24 (Yonhap) -- North Korean leader Kim Jong-un visited China on Satu... CN KP
Oct 24 11:29	CGTN state media China	Wang Huning accompanies DPRK top leader on visit to border city China's top political advisor Wang Huning on Saturday accompanied Kim Jong Un, general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and president of the State Affairs of the Democratic People's Republic of … KP KR CN
Oct 24 10:25	New York Times China China	North Korea’s Kim Jong-un Arrives in China, South Korea Says Mr. Kim was said to have crossed the border via a newly opened bridge for his first visit to China in over a year, as the countries move to deepen ties. KP KR CN Same story: 1 more article · 2 outlets "North Korea's Kim Jong-un to visit China today" report multiple South Korean media outlets JA NHK (JP) · Oct 24 06:45
Oct 24 09:51	Yonhap South Korea	(4th LD) N. Korea's Kim arrives in China's Dandong via newly opened bridge SEOUL, Oct. 24 (Yonhap) -- North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has arrived in China'... CN KP Same story: 4 more articles (3rd LD) N. Korea's Kim arrives in China's Dandong via newly opened bridge Yonhap (KR) · Oct 24 08:42 (2nd LD) N. Korea's Kim arrives in China's Dandong via newly opened bridge Yonhap (KR) · Oct 24 07:41 (LEAD) N. Korea's Kim arrives in China's Dandong via newly opened bridge: gov't source Yonhap (KR) · Oct 24 06:34 N. Korea's Kim arrives in China's Dandong via newly opened bridge: gov't source Yonhap (KR) · Oct 24 06:17
Oct 24 09:34	The Guardian China China	Kim Jong-un crosses over newly opened bridge into China Visit by train over New Yalu River Bridge marks North Korean leader’s first known trip abroad in more than a yearKim Jong-un has travelled to China over a newly opened bridge marking … KP KR CN
Oct 24 09:34	Free Malaysia Today Malaysia	North Korea’s Kim makes unannounced visit to Chinese border city North Korean leader Kim Jong Un crossed a major bridge linking North Korea with the Chinese border city of Dandong that officially opened last week. alliances diplomacy military nuclear political CN KP KR
Oct 24 09:16	New Talk Taiwan	Kim Jong-un death rumors! 40 North Korean websites suddenly paralyzed, state media rushes to post photos ZH金正恩驚傳死訊！北韓40官網突癱瘓　官媒急曬照 Newtalk新聞北韓領導人金正恩近日遭傳死訊，南韓國家情報院已公布相關照片表示相關消息不實。與此同時，北韓逾 40 個「.kp」官方網站自20日起陸續出現故障，外界質疑可能遭遇網路攻擊；《朝鮮中央通訊社》24 日公布金正恩出席軍方會議的照片，顯示他 22 日至 23 日仍在平壤公開活動。綜合《路透》及韓媒報導，美國網路監控公司 Kentik 指出，北韓網路自 20 日起約 32 小時內，陸續接收來自越南、菲律賓及委內瑞拉等地的多波通訊流量，同期多個北韓網站發生異常。Kentik 研判，相關情況符合分散式阻斷服務攻擊（DDoS）的特徵，但目前無法確認攻擊幕後主使。依南韓方面掌握的情報，北韓外交部網站及官媒《朝鮮中央通訊社》等 40 多個採用「.kp」網域的官方網站，曾一度無法正常運作。不過，南韓也認為北韓電力供應不穩定，可能是造成網路中斷的原因之一。此外，近期全球網路亦曾因 PHP 程式語言漏洞出現故障，但南韓方面認為，這與北韓網站此次大規模癱瘓事件似乎沒有關聯。就在金正恩死訊於網路流傳、北韓官方網站又接連出現異常後，《朝鮮中央通訊社》24 日發布金正恩活動照片，指出他 22 日至 23 日在平壤出席朝鮮人民軍連級指揮官會議，並在會中發表演說，要求連長強化部隊管理，同時改善士兵生活條件。延伸閱讀：第四次川金會何時登場？美韓官員曝：今年成行機率很低網上瘋傳金正恩腦出血慘死！北韓連兩天大範圍斷網引發聯想南韓：假消息薔琵颱風過後別大意！疾管署示警4大傳染病風險北約「海王星打擊」打造無美航艦！英義土3大打擊群分進合擊展現歐洲自主戰力薔琵颱風移速砍半「時速20驟降至9公里」！專家揭3原因：非單純減弱 cybersecurity KP Same story: 1 more article · 2 outlets After rumors of Kim Jong-un's death spread, multiple North Korean websites suddenly paralyzed; state media posts photos to show latest movements ZH Liberty Times (TW) · Oct 24 05:43
Oct 24 08:07	The Japan Times Japan	North Korea’s Kim visits China ahead of key anniversary Kim Jong Un arrived in the Chinese border city of Dandong on Saturday, a day ahead of the anniversary of Chinese troops' entry into the Korean War. CN KP
Oct 24 07:59	Thanh Nien News state media Vietnam	Rumors that North Korean leader Kim Jong-un crossed new bridge, met with Chinese Premier VIRộ tin lãnh đạo Triều Tiên Kim Jong-un qua cầu mới, gặp Thủ tướng Trung Quốc Hãng tin Yonhap của Hàn Quốc ngày 24.10 loan tin nhà lãnh đạo Kim Jong-un của CHDCND Triều Tiên đã qua Trung Quốc bằng cây cầu mới khánh thành trên sông Áp … CN KP
Oct 24 07:17	Channel News Asia state media Singapore	Kim Jong Un tells North Korean army units to prepare for 'new-era military build-up' "Let us build the strongest army and speed up a military revolution in our style", the North Korean leader said. military KP
Oct 24 05:45	South China Morning Post China	Kim Jong-un urges North Korean military to become ‘strongest armed forces in the world’ North Korean leader Kim Jong-un urged his military to train to become the strongest in the world at a two-day meeting of company commanders in Pyongyang, state media said on Saturday. Kim’s … military KP KR
Oct 24 03:39	New Talk Taiwan	Rumors of Kim Jong-un dying of brain hemorrhage go viral online! North Korea's two-day widespread internet outage sparks speculation; South Korea: Fake news ZH網上瘋傳金正恩腦出血慘死！北韓連兩天大範圍斷網引發聯想南韓：假消息 Newtalk新聞北韓領導人金正恩近日傳出因嚴重腦出血「重病死亡」，隨後朝鮮官方網站接連兩天遭遇大範圍斷網，引發關注。對此，南韓國家情報院（國情院）23日在國會情報委員會接受質詢時針對金正恩「死訊」闢謠，強調相關傳聞並非事實，證實這波消息純屬謠言。根據韓聯社與中央日報報導，包含勞動新聞及朝中社在內約 42 個使用「.kp」域名的官方機構網站自20日上午11點開始出現長時間無法存取或連線極度不穩的情況，期間雖然曾經短暫恢復，但在後續的24小時內有長達19小時無法訪問，癱瘓狀況持續至21日。國際網路監測機構Kentik與NetBlocks隨後發布技術分析指出，朝鮮對外網路出現大規模路由中斷與封包異常；不過韓國政府表示尚未確認是否遭駭，韓國網路專家則認為，朝鮮國際網路高度仰賴經由中國聯通與香港先鋒國際（Cenbong）的「柳京洞」單線路，加上國內電力長期不穩導致邊境設備重啟，均可能引發大規模斷網。朝鮮官媒朝中社於20日發布金正恩前一日視察平壤服裝與鞋類展覽的新聞照片，畫面中他由夫人李雪主及女兒金主愛陪同，意圖以此打破謠言。不過，由於該篇報導發布當天正好碰上官方網站全面斷線，導致外部無法即時驗證訊息，反而加深外界質疑，網路上瘋傳「出面者為替身」或「官媒使用舊圖掩飾」等陰謀論，將斷網事件與權力交接的政治操作進行聯想。對此，南韓國情院23日向國會情報委員會進行非公開報告直指「金正恩身亡消息為假消息」，並對相關傳聞作出澄清。韓國外交國安團隊也表示，雖然朝鮮官網大規模癱瘓確實罕見，但歷史上如2013年及2014年朝鮮亦曾因外部駭客攻擊或技術故障導致網路長時間中斷。目前韓國政府正密切監控朝鮮軍方與高層的人事動態，確認其內部運作並無異常。國情院當天也針對金正恩胞妹、北韓勞動黨中央委員會部長金與正近期視察邊境要塞化工程一事進行說明。據與會人士轉述，國情院強調，單憑金與正此次視察活動，尚不足以判斷她在北韓政權內部的政治地位是否出現變化，因此無法據此推論北韓高層權力結構有所調整。延伸閱讀：第四次川金會何時登場？美韓官員曝：今年成行機率很低金正恩又傳病逝！BBC揭死訊瘋傳兩大原因川普再提對伊朗動武推升油價！美股道瓊下殺652點、台積電ADR漲1.49%快訊》大雨猛灌！15縣市發布特報氣象署：防坍方積水快訊》暴雨狂炸！16縣市發布特報氣象署：防坍方積水 KP KR
Oct 24 02:28	The Korea Herald South Korea	N. Korea's Kim calls for 'strongest army' in speech for military meeting in Pyongyang North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has called for the regime's military to build the "strongest army" as he addressed a meeting of commanders in Pyongyang, the North's state media reported Saturday. Kim … military KP Same story: 1 more article · 2 outlets N. Korea's Kim calls for 'strongest army' in speech for military meeting in Pyongyang Yonhap (KR) · Oct 24 00:18
Oct 24 02:22	The Korea Herald South Korea	US Army activates air defense battalion in Guam amid N. Korean, Chinese missile threats: report The US Army has activated an air defense battalion in Guam to bolster the island's defenses against regional missile threats, including those posed by North Korea and China, a US military news … military CN KP
Oct 24 02:02	NK News North Korea	Kim Jong Un rallies junior commanders to build ‘world’s strongest’ army North Korean leader Kim Jong Un oversaw a two-day military conference in Pyongyang this week on perfecting low-level leadership and improving training systems, according to state media. The Korean Central News Agency … military KP
Oct 24 01:51	The Korea Herald South Korea	US Treasury Department proposes expanding tech investment restrictions to N. Korea The US Treasury Department has proposed expanding restrictions on American investments in sensitive technologies to include North Korea and several other countries, as Washington seeks to prevent adversaries from using US capital … CN HK KP
Oct 24 00:02	Korea Times South Korea	North Korea's diversifying missile arsenal complicates South's defense North Korea is displaying an increasingly diverse missile arsenal this year, firing from different platforms — on land, aboard warships and, according to Pyongyang, underwater from a submarine — while testing weapons … military KP KR

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